:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_hithpolel.rst

.. _stem_hithpolel:

Stem Hithpolel
==============

Summary
-------

The Hithpolel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Hithpael.
It expresses the reflexive voice of the Polel stem.

Article
-------

The Hithpolel stem is a variation of the :ref:`Hithpael<stem_hithpael>`
and expresses the :ref:`reflexive<stem-voice-reflexive>` voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`Polel<stem_polel>` stem.
The Hithpolel stem is formed from the Hithpael by dropping the 2nd
radical and repeating the 3rd radical (with a vowel change). It is a
:ref:`rare stem formation<stem-uncommon>` in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always*
consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in
the Hithpolel stem.

.. note:: The Hithpolel stem conjugates exactly like the Polel stem, but
          with the reflexive prefix (הִתְ) added.

Form
----

.. csv-table:: Hithpolel Perfect Paradigm
  :header-rows: 1

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  masculine singular third person,הִתְכּוֹנֵן,hithkonen,he established himself
  feminine singular third person,הִתְכּוֹנֲנָה,hithkonanah,she established herself
  masculine singular second person,הִתְכּוֹנַנְתָּ,hithkonanta,you established yourself
  feminine singular second person,הִתְכּוֹנַנְתְּ,hithkonant,you established yourself
  common singular first person,הִתְכּוֹנַנְתִּי,hithkonanti,I established myself
  common plural third person,הִתְכּוֹנֲנוּ,hithkonanu,they established themselves
  masculine plural second person,הִתְכּוֹנַנְתֶּם,hithkonantem,you established yourselves
  feminine plural second person,הִתְכּוֹנַנְתֶּן,hithkonanten,you established yourselves
  common plural first person,הִתְכּוֹנַנּוּ,hithkonannu,we established ourselves

.. csv-table:: Hithpolel Imperfect Paradigm
  :header-rows: 1

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  masculine singular third person,יִתְכּוֹנֵן,yithkonen,he will establish himself
  feminine singular third person,תִּתְכּוֹנֵן,tithkonen,she will establish herself
  masculine singular second person,תִּתְכּוֹנֵן,tithkonen,you will establish yourself
  feminine singular second person,תִּתְכּוֹנֲנִי,tithkonani,you will establish yourself
  common singular first person,אֶתְכּוֹנֵן,'ethkonen,I will establish myself
  masculine plural third person,יִתְכּוֹנֲנוּ,yithkonanu,they will establish themselves
  feminine plural third person,תִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּה,tithkonenah,they will establish themselves
  masculine plural second person,תִּתְכּוֹנֲנוּ,tithkonanu,you will establish yourselves
  feminine plural second person,תִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּה,tithkonennah,you will establish yourselves
  common plural first person,נִתְכּוֹנֵן,nithkonen,we will establish ourselves

.. csv-table:: Hithpolel Sequential Imperfect Paradigm
  :header-rows: 1

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  masculine singular third person,וַיִּתְכּוֹנֵן,wayyithkonen,(and) he established himself
  feminine singular third person,וַתִּתְכּוֹנֵן,wattithkonen,(and) she established herself
  masculine singular second person,וַתִּתְכּוֹנֵן,watithkonen,(and) you established yourself
  feminine singular second person,וַתִּתְכּוֹנֲנִי,watithkonani,(and) you established yourself
  common singular first person,וָאֶתְכּוֹנֵן,wa'ethkonen,(and) I established myself
  masculine plural third person,וַיִּתְכּוֹנֲנוּ,wayyithkonanu,(and) they established themselves
  feminine plural third person,וַתִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּה,watithkonennah,(and) they established themselves
  masculine plural second person,וַתִּתְכּוֹנֲנוּ,watithkonanu,(and) you established yourselves
  feminine plural second person,וַתִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּה,watithkonennah,(and) you established yourselves
  common plural first person,וַנִּתְכּוֹנֵן,wannithkonen,(and) we established ourselves

.. csv-table:: Hithpolel Imperative Paradigm
  :header-rows: 1

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  masculine singular,הִתְכּוֹנֵן,hithkonen,you must establish yourself
  feminine singular,הִתְכּוֹנֲנִי,hithkonani,you must establish yourself
  masculine plural,הִתְכּוֹנֲנוּ,hithkonanu,you must establish yourselves
  feminine plural,הִתְכּוֹנֵנָּה,hithkonennah,you must establish yourselves

.. csv-table:: Hithpolel Participle Paradigm
  :header-rows: 1

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  masculine singular absolute,מִתְכּוֹנֵן,mithkonen,establishing himself / he who establishes himself
  feminine singular absolute,מִתְכּוֹנְנֶת / מִתְכּוֹנְנָה,mithkoneneth / mithkonenah,establishing herself / she who establishes herself
  masculine plural absolute,מִתְכּוֹנְנִים,mithkonenim,establishing themselves / men who establish themselves
  feminine plural absolute,מִתְכּוֹנְנוֹת,mithkonenoth,establishing themselves / women who establish themselves

Examples
--------

.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 9:17 –– מִסְתּוֹלֵל comes from the root סלל

  עֹודְךָ֖ **מִסְתֹּולֵ֣ל** בְּעַמִּ֑י
  'owdkha **mistowlel** be'ammi
  Still-you **lifting-up-yourself** against-my-people
  You **are** still **lifting yourself up** against my people

.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 143:4 –– יִשְׁתּוֹמֵם comes from the root שׁמם

  בְּ֝תֹוכִ֗י **יִשְׁתֹּומֵ֥ם** לִבִּֽי׃
  bethowkhi **yishtowmem** libbi
  in-my-midst **despairs** my-heart
  my heart **despairs**