:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_pilpel.rst

.. _stem_pilpel:

Stem Pilpel
===========

Summary
-------

The Pilpel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Piel and
expresses the same range of meanings.

Article
-------

The Pilpel :ref:`stem<stem>` is a variation of the :ref:`Piel<stem_piel>`
and has potential to express the same range of verbal action. The Pilpel
stem is formed from the Piel by dropping the 2nd radical and repeating
the 1st and 3rd radical, thus making a verb that appears to have 4
consonants. It is a :ref:`rare stem formation<stem-uncommon>` in Biblical Hebrew. Many of the
occurrences of the Pilpel stem in the Hebrew Bible are from the root
verb כּוּל ("to comprehend, contain").

.. include:: includes/consult_dictionary.txt

Form
----

These paradigms use the root כּוּל, meaning "to sustain" in the
Pilpel stem.

.. csv-table:: Pilpel Perfect Paradigm
  :header-rows: 1

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  masculine singular third person,כִּלְכֵּל,kilkel,he sustained
  feminine singular third person,כִּלְכֲּלָה,kilkalah,she sustained
  masculine singular second person,כִּלְכַּלְתָּ,kilkalta,you sustained
  feminine singular second person,כִּלְכַּלְתְּ,kilkalt,you sustained
  common singular first person,כִּלְכַּלְתִּי,kilkalti,I sustained
  common plural third person,כִּלְכֲּלוּ,kilkalu,they sustained
  masculine plural second person,כִּלְכַּלְתֶּם,kilkaltem,you sustained
  feminine plural second person,כִּלְכַּלְתֶּן,kilkalten,you sustained
  common plural first person,כִּלכַּלְנוּ,kilkalnu,we sustained

.. csv-table:: Pilpel Imperfect Paradigm
  :header-rows: 1

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  masculine singular third person,יְכַלְכֵּל,yikhalkel,he will sustain
  feminine singular third person,תְּכַלְכֵּל,tekhalkel,she will sustain
  masculine singular second person,תְּכַלְכֵּל,tekhalkel,you will sustain
  feminine singular second person,תְּכַלְכְּלִי,tekhalkeli,you will sustain
  common singular first person,אֲכַלְכֵּל,'akhalkel,I will sustain
  masculine plural third person,יְכַלְכְּלוּ,yekhalkelu,they will sustain
  feminine plural third person,תְּכַלְכֵּלְנָה,tekhalkelnah,they will sustain
  masculine plural second person,תְּכַלְכְּלוּ,tekhalkelu,you will sustain
  feminine plural second person,תְּכַלְכֵּלְנָה,tekhalkelnah,you will sustain
  common plural first person,נְכַלְכֵּל,nekhalkel,we will sustain

.. csv-table:: Pilpel Participle Paradigm
  :header-rows: 1

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  masculine singular absolute,מְכַלְכֵּל,mekhalkel,sustaining / he who sustains
  feminine singular absolute,מְכַלְכֶּלֶת / מְכַלְכְּלָה,mekhalkeleth / mekhalkelah,sustaining / she who sustains
  masculine plural absolute,מְכַלְכְּלִים,mekhalkelim,sustaining / men who sustain
  feminine plural absolute,מְכַלְכְּלוֹת,mekhalkeloth,sustaining / women who sustain

Examples
--------

.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 22:5

  מְקַרְקַ֥ר קִ֖ר
  **meqarqar** qir
  **breaking-down** wall
  a **breaking down** of the walls

.. csv-table:: Example: EZE 39:2

  "וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֨יךָ֙ וְשִׁשֵּׁאתִ֔יךָ וְהַעֲלִיתִ֖יךָ מִיַּרְכְּתֵ֣י
     צָפֹ֑ון"
  **weshovavtikha weshishethikha** weha'alithikha miyyarkethe tsafown
  "**And-I-will-turn-you and-I-will-lead-you** and-I-will-bring-you-up
     from-remotest north"
  "**I will turn you and lead you on** I will bring you up from the far
     north"