:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_polel.rst

.. _stem_polel:

Stem Polel
==========

Summary
-------

The Polel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Piel and
expresses the same range of meanings.

Article
-------

The Polel :ref:`stem<stem>` is a variation of the :ref:`Piel<stem_piel>`
and has potential to express the same range of verbal action. The Polel
stem is formed from the Piel stem by dropping the 2nd radical and
repeating the 3rd radical (with a vowel change). It is a :ref:`rare stem formation<stem-uncommon>`
in Biblical Hebrew.

.. include:: includes/consult_dictionary.txt

.. warning:: The Polel stem appears exactly the same as the :ref:`Polal<stem_polal>` stem in all
          conjugations; only the 3rd-person masculine singular forms are
          different.

Form
----

.. csv-table:: Polel Perfect Paradigm
  :header-rows: 1

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  masculine singular third person,כּוֹנֵן,konen,he established
  feminine singular third person,כּוֹנֲנָה,konanah,she established
  masculine singular second person,כּוֹנַנְתָּ,konanta,you established
  feminine singular second person,כּוֹנַנְתְּ,konant,you established
  common singular first person,כּוֹנַנְתִּי,konanti,I established
  common plural third person,כּוֹנֲנוּ,konanu,they established
  masculine plural second person,כּוֹנַנְתֶּם,konantem,you established
  feminine plural second person,כּוֹנַנְתֶּן,konanten,you established
  common plural first person,כּוֹנַנּוּ,konannu,we established

.. csv-table:: Polel Imperfect Paradigm
  :header-rows: 1

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  masculine singular third person,יְכוֹנֵן,yekhonen,he will establish
  feminine singular third person,תְּכוֹנֵן,tekhonen,she will establish
  masculine singular second person,תְּכוֹנֵן,tekhonen,you will establish
  feminine singular second person,תְּכוֹנֲנִי,tekhonani,you will establish
  common singular first person,אֲכוֹנֵן,'akhonen,I will establish
  masculine plural third person,יְכוֹנֲנוּ,yekhonanu,they will establish
  feminine plural third person,תְּכוֹנֵנָּה,tekhonennah,they will establish
  masculine plural second person,תְּכוֹנֲנוּ,tekhonanu,you will establish
  feminine plural second person,תְּכוֹנֵנָּה,tekhonennah,you will establish
  common plural first person,נְכוֹנֵן,nekhonen,we will establish

.. csv-table:: Polel Sequential Imperfect Paradigm
  :header-rows: 1

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  masculine singular third person,וַיְּכוֹנֵן,wayyekhonen,(and) he established
  feminine singular third person,וַתְּכוֹנֵן,wattekhonen,(and) she established
  masculine singular second person,וַתְּכוֹנֵן,wattekhonen,(and) you established
  feminine singular second person,וַתְּכוֹנֲנִי,wattekhonani,(and) you established
  common singular first person,וָאֲכוֹנֵן,wa'akhonen,(and) I established
  masculine plural third person,וַיְּכוֹנֲנוּ,wayyekhonanu,(and) they established
  feminine plural third person,וַתְּכוֹנֵנָּה,wattekhonennah,(and) they established
  masculine plural second person,וַתְּכוֹנֲנוּ,wattekhonanu,(and) you established
  feminine plural second person,וַתְּכוֹנֵנָּה,wattkhonennah,(and) you established
  common plural first person,וַנְּכוֹנֵן,wannekhonen,(and) we established

.. csv-table:: Polel Imperative Paradigm
  :header-rows: 1

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  masculine singular,כּוֹנֵן,konen,you must establish
  feminine singular,כּוֹנֲנִי,konani,you must establish
  masculine plural,כּוֹנֲנוּ,konanu,you must establish
  feminine plural,כּוֹנֵנָּה,konennah,you must establish

.. csv-table:: Polel Participle Paradigm
  :header-rows: 1

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  masculine singular absolute,מְכוֹנֵן,mekhonen,establishing / founder
  feminine singular absolute,מְכוֹנְנֶת / מְכוֹנְנָה,mekhoneneth / mekhonenah,establishing / founder
  masculine plural absolute,מְכוֹנְנִים,mekhonenim,establishing / founders
  feminine plural absolute,מְכוֹנְנוֹת,mekhonenoth,establishing / founders

Examples
--------

.. csv-table:: Example: PRO 14:34

  צְדָקָ֥ה **תְרֹֽומֵֽם**\ ־גֹּ֑וי
  tsedaqah **therowmem**-gowy
  Righteousness **exalts**\ \_nation
  Doing what is right **exalts** a nation

.. csv-table:: Example: JOB 35:14

  וּתְחֹ֥ולֵֽל לֹֽו׃
  **uthehowlel** low
  **and-you-will-wait** for-him.
  **and you are waiting** for him.